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Physiological responses to exercise in survivors of preterm birth: a meta-analysis

Survivors of preterm birth (<37 weeks' gestation) have low peak oxygen uptake, a global measure of aerobic fitness and an established predictor of increased morbidity and mortality. However, little is known about other cardiopulmonary outcome measures in this population. We addressed the hypothesis that preterm birth is associated with abnormal respiratory, cardiovascular and metabolic responses to exercise, as assessed by cardiopulmonary exercise testing, via a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Does exercise in cool water cause a higher risk of hypoglycaemia than in thermoneutral conditions in type 1 diabetes?

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that exercise in cool water results in a greater decrease in blood glucose concentration than in thermoneutral water or on land in individuals with type 1 diabetes.

The impact of genetics and the environment on cancer risk in Indigenous Australians: a narrative review

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (hereafter respectfully named Indigenous) Australians are diagnosed with some cancers substantially more frequently than non-Indigenous Australians implying a different risk factor landscape. Additionally, poorer outcomes for certain cancers are exacerbated by lower cancer screening rates and later diagnoses compared to non-Indigenous Australians.

Extreme drought and sexual violence against adolescent girls and young women: A multi-country population-based study

Droughts have profound and far-reaching impacts on human health and well-being, but their influence on sexual violence among adolescent girls in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is underexamined.This study examines the association between drought and sexual violence against adolescent girls and young women globally, using cross-sectional, nationally representative data from the Violence Against Children and Youth Surveys (VACS) from 2013 and 2019.

The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health Commission on the future of neonatology

Jane Pillow BMedSci (Dist) MBBS, PhD (Dist) FRACP Head, Developmental Chronobiology jane.pillow@thekids.org.au Head, Developmental Chronobiology

Effect of methylphenidate exposure on glutamate and glutamate-related metabolites in patients with ADHD: a systematic review

Dysfunctional glutamatergic neurotransmission has been implicated in the underlying pathogenesis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The psychostimulant methylphenidate (MPH), which is used as a first line treatment for ADHD, has been shown to have both acute and chronic effects on prefrontal cortex glutamatergic afferents. Animal studies have also identified an effect of MPH and glutamate in prefrontal areas. Despite this there are ongoing questions as to the extent and direction of this effect, as well as its impact on other neurobiological processes. 

Loneliness and Emotional and Externalizing Problems in Early Adolescence: Moderating and Mediating Effects of Coping Skills

Loneliness is an unavoidable facet of human existence. When chronic and intense, adolescent loneliness is associated with maladjustment over time. A prospective multiple-cohort study examined the links between child-reported loneliness and coping skills and parent-rated child mental health in early adolescence, with a total of 266 students from 75 primary and 152 secondary schools.

IDH mutant high-grade gliomas

Gliomas are the most common type of malignant primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality in children and adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients. The discovery of mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) genes has dramatically changed the classification and understanding of gliomas.  IDH mutant gliomas have distinct clinical, pathological, and molecular features including a favorable prognosis and response to therapy compared to their wildtype counterparts.

Current post-tonsillectomy analgesia practices among Australian and New Zealand anesthetists, and opinions on non-opioid alternatives

Children experience significant pain following extracapsular tonsillectomy surgery, and while opioids are often prescribed to treat this, clinicians may be wary of their adverse side effects, leading to variation in practice. There is a need for improved post-tonsillectomy pain management in children. 

Local progress towards achieving the End TB targets in Ethiopia: A geospatial analysis

Country-level estimates can mask local geographic variations in progress toward achieving World Health Organization's End TB targets. This study aimed to identify spatial variations in progress toward achieving the TB incidence reduction target at a district level in Ethiopia.

How the pandemic has shaped the mental health of our kids

Researchers went into 79 WA primary and secondary schools in 2020 and found increased levels of emotional distress among students and families.

Rapid-fire research the latest weapon in war on junk food ads

A new rapid research funding model is translating into quick results.

RHD Endgame tantalisingly close

Professor Jonathan Carapetis has made eliminating rheumatic heart disease his life’s work.

Landmark flu decision set to save kids’ lives

For the first time this year, all Australian babies and children aged six months to four years will be entitled to have a free influenza vaccination.

‘Boom Boom’ goes the beat towards ending rheumatic heart disease

A song written by kids in Barunga as part of the END RHD Communities Project is helping prevent the spread of infections that cause rheumatic heart disease in remote Aboriginal Communities.

Planning for a healthy start

A diet and lifestyle mobile app targeting a critical window in early pregnancy is being introduced to women in the northern suburbs of Perth, hoping to assist with breaking the ‘transmission’ of obesity from one generation to the next.

Healthy skin guideline hits the mark

The first ever National Healthy Skin Guideline has become the gold standard for the treatment, prevention and public health control of skin infections in Indigenous populations in Australia and provides a positive framework for healthy skin.

Resources help Deaf or hard-of-hearing kids BELONG

Adolescence can be challenging for all kids, but especially for those who are Deaf or hard-of-hearing. New resources developed by The Kids Research Institute Australia aim to make life a little easier.

Not just a cough: Wet cough research prompts significant change in clinical and community practice

Results from a world first-study measuring prevalence of chronic wet cough and protracted bacterial bronchitis in four Kimberley Aboriginal communities have highlighted the enormity of the health problem.