Reports and Findings
The Asia Pacific region is home to more than half of the world's 1·93 billion adolescents (aged 10-24 years). Addressing adolescent health in this region is of global importance, but to date a systematic analysis of key contributors to disease in adolescents has not been done, which is a barrier to responsive action.
RISE has a clear vision: to reduce the health and economic burden of RSV through effective and equitable immunisation.
Infection Triggered Encephalopathy Syndrome (ITES) is a rare but potentially severe complication of infections in children. ITES is a syndrome of acute encephalopathy that occurs in the context of a febrile illness and hypothesised to result from a cytokine mediated infection-triggered cytotoxicity in the central nervous system (CNS) without parenchymal inflammatory cell infiltration. ITES is considered distinct from infectious and immune-mediated encephalitis. We aimed to describe the demographics, associated pathogens, clinical spectrum and outcomes of ITES in Australian children from May 2013 until June 2024.
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder in which mechanisms linking metabolic dysregulation to neuronal vulnerability remain incompletely understood. Increasing evidence suggests that dysregulation of lipid metabolism plays an important role in modulating mitochondrial function, protein homeostasis, and neuroinflammation.
Mucus plugs have been previously recognized as an important pathological feature in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but their clinical role in these diseases has not been explored in depth until recently. Mucus plug formation is driven by mucus hyperconcentration, changes in mucus viscoelastic properties, impaired clearance, and mucociliary collapse.
Britta Regli-von Ungern-Sternberg AM FAHMS MD, PhD, DEAA, FANZA Chair of Paediatric anaesthesia, University of Western Australia; Consultant Paediatric Anaesthetist, Perth Children’s Hospital; Head, Perioperative Medicine Chair of Paediatric
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic condition caused by mutation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene. Recently licensed modulator therapies target the defective CFTR protein and have transformed the formerly life-limiting trajectory of people with CF (pwCF).
Rates of anaphylaxis in early childhood are rising, yet there remains a paucity of data on age-specific presentations and outcomes. While prompt treatment is essential, symptoms can differ from older children. Observation after stabilization is routinely used; however, no infant and toddler-specific data guide the duration of monitoring. Identifying predictors of biphasic anaphylaxis could help guide observation times.
Real-time analysis of epidemic trends and forecasts can help support public health planning and the response to seasonal respiratory disease. Here, we present two models that were used in a 2025 New Zealand winter situational assessment programme for three respiratory pathogens: SARS-CoV-2, influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Data on SARS-CoV-2 were obtained from the national Covid-19 surveillance system; data on influenza and RSV were limited to a sentinel hospital surveillance programme.
Intranasal vaccines offer a needle-free strategy to enhance immunity to respiratory infections. We investigated the mechanism of action of a novel intranasal vaccine using the human respiratory commensal Haemophilus haemolyticus, previously shown to protect against nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae otitis media and accelerate clearance of influenza A virus.