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Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination to prevent febrile and respiratory illness in adults (BRACE): secondary outcomes of a randomised controlled phase 3 trialBacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination has off-target (non-specific) effects that are associated with protection against unrelated infections and decreased all-cause mortality in infants. We aimed to determine whether BCG vaccination prevents febrile and respiratory infections in adults.
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Modelling respiratory syncytial virus age-specific risk of hospitalisation in term and preterm infantsRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of acute lower respiratory infections in children worldwide. The highest incidence of severe disease is in the first 6 months of life, with infants born preterm at greatest risk for severe RSV infections.
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Whole-of-Life Inclusion in Bayesian Adaptive Platform Clinical TrialsThere is a recognized unmet need for clinical trials to provide evidence-informed care for infants, children and adolescents. This Special Communication outlines the capacity of 3 distinct trial design strategies, sequential, parallel, and a unified adult-pediatric bayesian adaptive design, to incorporate children into clinical trials and transform this current state of evidence inequity. A unified adult-pediatric whole-of-life clinical trial is demonstrated through the Staphylococcus aureus Network Adaptive Platform (SNAP) trial.
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Physicochemical compatibility of caffeine citrate and caffeine base injections with parenteral medications used in neonatal intensive care settingsTo investigate the physicochemical compatibility of caffeine citrate and caffeine base injections with 43 secondary intravenous drugs used in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit settings.
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Risk of otitis media in offspring following maternal prenatal stress exposureThere is limited but consistent evidence that suggests prenatal factors, including maternal stress, may contribute to susceptibility for otitis media. We aimed to determine the effect of multiple life stress events during pregnancy on risk of acute and recurrent otitis media in offspring at three and five years of age.
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Molecular analysis of human tick-bitten skin yields signatures associated with distinct spatial and temporal trajectories - A proof-of-concept studyTick-associated diseases present challenges due to tridirectional interactions among host-specific responses, tick toxins and salivary proteins as well as microbes. We aimed to uncover molecular mechanisms in tick-bitten skin samples and contralateral skin samples collected simultaneously from the same participants, using spatial transcriptomics.
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National pharmacovigilance of seasonal influenza vaccines in AustraliaCitation: O'Moore M, Jones B, Hickie M, …….. Marsh JA, Wood N. National pharmacovigilance of seasonal influenza vaccines in Australia. Med J Aust.
Pneumococcal – a bacterial infection that can cause pneumonia and meningitis – is responsible for 1000s of hospital admissions in Australia each year, many of them children.
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Estimating the true number of people with acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease from two data sources using capture-recapture methodologyIn Australia, accurate case ascertainment of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) diagnoses for disease surveillance and control purposes requires the use of multiple data sources, including RHD registers and hospitalisation records. Despite drawing on multiple data sources, the true burden of ARF/RHD is likely to be underestimated.
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Identifying Gaps in the International Consensus Case Definitions for Invasive Aspergillosis: A Review of Clinical Cases Not Meeting These DefinitionsInternational consensus definitions for invasive aspergillosis (IA) in research are rigorous, yet clinically significant cases are often excluded from clinical studies for not meeting proven/probable IA case definitions. To better understand reasons for the failure to meet criteria for proven/probable infection, we herein review 47 such cases for their clinical and microbiological characteristics and outcomes.