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Research

An assessment of opioids on respiratory depression in children with and without obstructive sleep apnea

Obstructive sleep apnea is a risk factor for respiratory depression following opioid administration as well as opioid-induced hyperalgesia. Little is known on how obstructive sleep apnea status is associated with central ventilatory depression in pediatric surgical patients given a single dose of fentanyl.

Research

Mitochondrial mistranslation modulated by metabolic stress causes cardiovascular disease and reduced lifespan

Changes in the rate and fidelity of mitochondrial protein synthesis impact the metabolic and physiological roles of mitochondria. Here we explored how environmental stress in the form of a high-fat diet modulates mitochondrial translation and affects lifespan in mutant mice with error-prone or hyper-accurate mitochondrial ribosomes. Intriguingly, although both mutations are metabolically beneficial in reducing body weight, decreasing circulating insulin and increasing glucose tolerance during a high-fat diet, they manifest divergent (either deleterious or beneficial) outcomes in a tissue-specific manner.

Research

Structured review of primary interventions to reduce group A streptococcal infections, acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a large, preventable, global public health burden. In New Zealand (NZ), acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and RHD rates are highest for Māori and Pacific children. This structured review explores the evidence for primary prevention interventions to diagnose and effectively treat group A Streptococcus (GAS) pharyngitis and skin infections to reduce rates of ARF and RHD.

Research

Unlocking immune-mediated disease mechanisms with transcriptomics

The transcriptome represents the entire set of RNA transcripts expressed in a cell, reflecting both the underlying genetic and epigenetic landscape and environmental influences, providing a comprehensive view of functional cellular states at any given time. Recent technological advances now enable the study of the transcriptome at the resolution of individual cells, providing exciting opportunities to characterise cellular and molecular events that underpin immune-medicated diseases.

Research

Efficacy and safety of influenza vaccination during pregnancy: realizing the potential of maternal influenza immunization

Pregnant women are at higher risk of severe complications following influenza infection compared to the general population. Influenza vaccination during pregnancy can offer direct protection to pregnant women and passive immunity to infants up to 6 months of age via maternal antibodies. Pregnant women are a high priority group for influenza immunization.

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Low dose CT detected interstitial lung abnormalities in a population with low asbestos exposure

The use of low dose CT (LDCT) chest is becoming more widespread in occupationally exposed populations. There is a knowledge gap as to heterogeneity in severity and the natural course of asbestosis after low levels of exposure. This study reports the characteristics of LDCT-detected interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA).

Research

Congenital anomalies in children with postneonatally acquired cerebral palsy: an international data linkage study

To describe the major congenital anomalies present in children with postneonatally acquired cerebral palsy (CP), and to compare clinical outcomes and cause of postneonatally acquired CP between children with and without anomalies.

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Barriers and enablers of health service utilisation for childhood skin infections in remote aboriginal communities of Western Australia

Health service utilisation in this setting may be enhanced by improving general awareness of the significance of childhood skin infections

Research

Technical Advance: Transcription factor, promoter, and enhancer utilization in human myeloid cells

The generation of myeloid cells from their progenitors is regulated at the level of transcription by combinatorial control of key transcription factors...

Research

Telomerase reverse transcriptase regulates microRNAs.

This study reports that telomerase reverse transcriptase extensively affects the expression levels of mature microRNAs.