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Transketolase and vitamin B1 influence on ROS-dependent neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formationThe regulation of Transketolase by oxythiamine and/or vitamin B1 may therefore be associated with response to the modulation of NET formation
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Efficacy of oral amoxicillin-clavulanate or azithromycin for non-severe respiratory exacerbations in children with bronchiectasis (BEST-1)Amoxicillin-clavulanate treatment is beneficial in terms of resolution of non-severe exacerbations of bronchiectasis in children
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Role of pre-existing adversity and child maltreatment on mental health outcomes for children involved in child protection: population-based data linkage studyYoung people who have been involved in the child protection system are at increased risk for mental health events and diagnoses
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Mapping the global endemicity and clinical burden of Plasmodium vivax, 2000-17: a spatial and temporal modelling studyOur study highlights important spatial and temporal patterns in the clinical burden and prevalence of P vivax
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Risk factors for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in northwest Ethiopia: A case–control studyThe aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and to investigate risk factors
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Has a national policy guideline influenced the practice of raising the topic of alcohol and breastfeeding by maternal healthcare practitioners?Having a national policy guideline for safe alcohol consumption during lactation has not promoted awareness of this topic among maternal health practitioners
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The cumulative effect of inflammation and infection on structural lung disease in early cystic fibrosisPulmonary inflammation in surveillance bronchoalveolar lavage has a cumulative effect on structural lung disease extent, more so than infection
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Complexities of conducting research in adolescent refugees resettling in AustraliaAdolescent refugees resettling in Australia are a vulnerable and marginalised population and research to understand their health-care needs remains scarce
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Biogeography of the Relationship between the Child Gut Microbiome and Innate Immune SystemThe gut microbiome is a well-recognized modulator of host immunity, and its compositions differ between geographically separated human populations. Systemic innate immune responses to microbial derivatives also differ between geographically distinct human populations. However, the potential role of the microbiome in mediating geographically varied immune responses is unexplored. We here applied 16S amplicon sequencing to profile the stool microbiome and, in parallel, measured whole-blood innate immune cytokine responses to several pattern recognition receptor (PRR) agonists among 2-year-old children across biogeographically diverse settings. Microbiomes differed mainly between high- and low-resource environments and were not strongly associated with other demographic factors. We found strong correlations between responses to Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and relative abundances of Bacteroides and Prevotella populations, shared among Canadian and Ecuadorean children.
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Systems Biology Methods Applied to Blood and Tissue for a Comprehensive Analysis of Immune Response to Hepatitis B Vaccine in AdultsConventional vaccine design has been based on trial-and-error approaches, which have been generally successful. However, there have been some major failures in vaccine development and we still do not have highly effective licensed vaccines for tuberculosis, HIV, respiratory syncytial virus, and other major infections of global significance. Approaches at rational vaccine design have been limited by our understanding of the immune response to vaccination at the molecular level. Tools now exist to undertake in-depth analysis using systems biology approaches, but to be fully realized, studies are required in humans with intensive blood and tissue sampling.