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Children with Down syndrome (DS) are at a significantly higher risk of developing acute myeloid leukemia, also termed myeloid leukemia associated with DS (ML-DS). In contrast to the highly favorable prognosis of primary ML-DS, the limited data that are available for children who relapse or who have refractory ML-DS (r/r ML-DS) suggest a dismal prognosis. There are few clinical trials and no standardized treatment approach for this population.
Components of the bone marrow microenvironment (BMM) have been shown to mediate the way in which leukemia develops, progresses and responds to treatment. Increasing evidence shows that leukemic cells hijack the BMM, altering its functioning and establishing leukemia-supportive interactions with stromal and immune cells.
Cardio-oncology is a new multidisciplinary area of expertise that seeks to pre-emptively and proactively address cardiac complications that emerge during and following cancer therapy. Modern therapies including molecular targeted therapy and immunotherapy have broadened the agents that can cause cardiac sequelae, often with complications arising within days to weeks of therapy.
In vitro liver models combined with metabolomics approaches offer promising alternatives to animal testing in toxicology. In this study, we investigated concentration-dependent effects of hydrogen peroxide on the intra- and extracellular metabolome of HepG2 cells using 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy.
Systemic Epstein-Barr virus-positive T-cell lymphoma of childhood (STCLC) is a rare and highly aggressive malignancy with a dismal prognosis and no standard curative treatment. This report describes the first reported case of STCLC in a White child who, after experiencing failure with intensive chemotherapy regimens, achieved a complete response following targeted immunotherapy.
Hematopoietic stem cells are defined by their remarkable self-renewal and differentiation capacities, giving rise to progenitors that generate diverse blood and immune cell lineages through the tightly regulated process of hematopoiesis. This process is governed by key transcription factors that control gene expression programs essential for cellular homeostasis, differentiation, and lineage commitment.
Nick Rishi S. Laurence Sung Gottardo Kotecha Cheung Chiu MBChB FRACP PhD MB ChB (Hons) MRCPCH FRACP PhD BPharm (Hons) MBA PhD MBBS FRACP FRCPA PhD
Osteoclasts are important regulators of bone remodeling, with an established role in maintaining skeletal homeostasis. The emergence of osteoimmunology has identified osteoclasts as key players in the immune system. In particular, osteoclasts can initiate bi-directional crosstalk mechanisms with hematopoietic stem cells and various immune cells, such as T cells, B cells and NK cells, to influence hematopoiesis and inflammatory response.
In pediatric cancer precision medicine clinical trials settings, parents proactively seeking treatment and answers to causation may request return of their child's raw data and/or biospecimen. To satisfy such requests, the ZERO Childhood Cancer Program required a guidance document.
KMT2A-rearranged acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) represents a high risk subtype of childhood ALL. Historical treatment strategies have comprised of intensification with conventional chemotherapy. However, outcomes have remained consistently poor compared to the advances that have been seen for other ALL subtypes, particularly for infants diagnosed before their first birthday