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Defining the appropriate waiting time between multiple-breath nitrogen washout measurements

This letter addresses the recommendations by the American Thoracic Society & European Respiratory Society in 2005, that patients must wait 15-60mins between...

Immune checkpoint therapy responders display early clonal expansion of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes

Immune checkpoint therapy (ICT) causes durable tumour responses in a subgroup of patients, but it is not well known how T cell receptor beta (TCRβ) repertoire dynamics contribute to the therapeutic response. 

Patient-Derived Orthotopic Xenograft Models for High-Grade Pediatric Brain Cancers

Patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse models are considered the gold standard for evidence-based preclinical research in pediatric neuro-oncology. This protocol describes the generation of PDOX models by intracranial implantation of human pediatric brain cancer cells into immune-deficient mice, and their continued propagation to establish cohorts of animals for preclinical research.

Lung function following very preterm birth in the era of 'new' bronchopulmonary dysplasia

The pathophysiology of BPD has changed in recent years as advances in neonatal care have led to increased survival of smaller, more preterm, infants who...

Towards precision cancer medicine for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cancer health equity

Delivering cancer control at scale for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities is a national priority that requires Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander leadership and codesign, as well as significant involvement of the Aboriginal community-controlled health sector. The unique genomic variation observed among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples may have implications for standard and precision medicine.

Influence of gestational age on dead space and alveolar ventilation in preterm infants ventilated with volume guarantee

Ventilated preterm infant lungs are vulnerable to overdistension and underinflation.

Respiratory impedance in healthy unsedated South African infants: Effects of maternal smoking

Non-invasive techniques for measuring lung mechanics in infants are needed for a better understanding of lung growth and function...

PI3K/mTOR is a therapeutically targetable genetic dependency in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma

Diffuse midline glioma (DMG), including tumors diagnosed in the brainstem (diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma; DIPG), are uniformly fatal brain tumors that lack effective treatment.

Reduced forced vital capacity in Aboriginal Australians: Biology or missing evidence?

This editorial article addresses chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung function testing in Aboriginal Australians.

High-dose chemotherapy for Ewing sarcoma and Rhabdomyosarcoma: A systematic review by the Australia and New Zealand sarcoma association clinical practice guidelines working party

Patients with high-risk or metastatic Ewing sarcoma (ES) and rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) have a guarded prognosis. High-dose chemotherapy (HDT) with autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) has been evaluated as a treatment option to improve outcomes. However, survival benefits remain unclear, and treatment is associated with severe toxicities.

Perception of pediatric pain: A comparison of postoperative pain assessments between child, parent, nurse, and independent observer

Differences in the assessment of pediatric pain between children, parents, nurses, and independent observers in the acute postoperative setting

Novel drug targets for asthma and COPD: Lessons learned from in vitro and in vivo models

This paper is a review of potential novel therapeutic targets or tools for the treatment of asthma and COPD.

Interpretation of lung function in infants and young children with cystic fibrosis

This paper is a review of lung function tests best suited to use for early detection of lung disease in Cystic Fibrosis.

Using lung function measurements to greater advantage in patients with lung disease: Which test and when?

This paper is an introduction to a series of articles about improved measurement of lung function in patients with chronic lung disease.

Vitamin D deficiency at 16 to 20 weeks' gestation is associated with impaired lung function and asthma at 6 years of age

This paper examines whether a Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy affects the child's lung function predisposition towards lung disease such as asthma.