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Characteristics of uniphasic and biphasic anaphylaxis in infants and young toddlers: An analysis of clinical signs, predictors and management

Rates of anaphylaxis in early childhood are rising, yet there remains a paucity of data on age-specific presentations and outcomes. While prompt treatment is essential, symptoms can differ from older children. Observation after stabilization is routinely used; however, no infant and toddler-specific data guide the duration of monitoring. Identifying predictors of biphasic anaphylaxis could help guide observation times.

Citation:
Rueter K, Ta B, Bear N, Lucas M, Prescott SL. Characteristics of uniphasic and biphasic anaphylaxis in infants and young toddlers: An analysis of clinical signs, predictors and management. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2026;37(8).

Keywords:
Anaphylaxis; anaphylaxis management; anaphylaxis severity; anaphylaxis symptoms; biphasic anaphylaxis; food allergy; infant anaphylaxis; predictors for biphasic anaphylaxis

Abstract:
Rates of anaphylaxis in early childhood are rising, yet there remains a paucity of data on age-specific presentations and outcomes. While prompt treatment is essential, symptoms can differ from older children. Observation after stabilization is routinely used; however, no infant and toddler-specific data guide the duration of monitoring. Identifying predictors of biphasic anaphylaxis could help guide observation times.