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Haemophilus influenzae remains the predominant otitis media pathogen in Australian children undergoing ventilation tube insertion in the PCV13 era

Understanding patterns of bacterial carriage and otitis media (OM) microbiology is crucial for assessing vaccine impact and informing policy. The microbiology of OM can vary with geography, time, and interventions like pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs). We evaluated the microbiology of nasopharyngeal and middle ear effusions in children living in Western Australia, 11 years following the introduction of PCV13.

Citation:
Seppanen EJ, Bayliss J, Clark SL, Gamez C, Headland D, Granland CM, Vijayasekaran S, Herbert H, Friedland P, Richmond PC, Thornton RB, Kirkham LAS. Haemophilus influenzae remains the predominant otitis media pathogen in Australian children undergoing ventilation tube insertion in the PCV13 era. J Infect. 2025;90(4).

Keywords:
Australia; Haemophilus influenzae; Otitis media; Otopathogen; Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; Ventilation tube insertion

Abstract:
Understanding patterns of bacterial carriage and otitis media (OM) microbiology is crucial for assessing vaccine impact and informing policy. The microbiology of OM can vary with geography, time, and interventions like pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs). We evaluated the microbiology of nasopharyngeal and middle ear effusions in children living in Western Australia, 11 years following the introduction of PCV13.